All posts by mbkkelsey

#Learning2: Sharing as a Credential

Credential: of, pertaining to or entitling to credit or authority. From Medieval Latin credentialis (“giving authority”), from credentia (“trust”). From <http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/credential>

#Learning2’s impact is as much about participant-generated knowledge as it is about the the workshops and extended sessions.

Teaching is a profession, and our credentials are the first, necessary-but-not-sufficient condition for schools to entrust us with their students’ education. Our teaching certificates and degrees prove the rigor of our preparation. At least, this was the assumption that I labored under for much of my education. I applied to university by looking at US News and World Report’s list of the top ones. I did the same when I applied to graduate programs. It was a calculation that in the absence of my having done anything especially notable, it was a prestigious institution that could bestow upon me a credibility that would be acknowledged by employers and colleagues. In a world in the infancy of the Internet as a participatory force, it was not a bad strategy.

But in today’s world, there is a new credential. That credential is sharing, and last week’s Learning 2.014 conference in Addis Ababa showed me how powerful this new credential is. Learning 2 is a “flat” conference, one where teachers from the smallest, poorest school can present with equal authority as those from the largest, richest ones. It’s participant-driven, where the average attendee can have just as much impact as one of those presenters. It’s creating a new vocabulary and pedagogical culture for the classroom. And its model is increasingly becoming the way for teachers to demonstrate their credit and authority as educational professionals.

The “flat” model meant that sharing influenced attendance at the conference. The presenters came from four continents and half a dozen nations, had five to 25 years of teaching experience, taught at schools from 160 to 1600 students, and spanned the range from idealists to skeptics. We were united not by experience, philosophy, or background but by our common practice of sharing with their peers through social networks, through which the organizers contacted us and by which we were able to get the word out to conference participants.

The participant-driven model meant that those who shared had the most sway, and sharing was not limited to presenters. Presenters’ extended sessions occupied less than half of the schedule, with the rest occupied by short “Learn2Talks” on diverse topics, cohort discussions where teachers with similar responsibilities brainstormed solutions for their respective fields, “unconference” sessions based on topics selected by popular vote, and even “mindfulness” time for participants to reflect on what they had learned. Twitter served as a lively backchannel where participants shared more than presenters. And throughout, the organizers listened to what the participants were saying and adjusted the schedule, format, and logistics of the conference as appropriate. The conference was as dynamic and responsive as the pedagogy it sought to promote.

Most impressive was the fact that in this context of educators looking to promote change in education, it wasn’t your credentials that mattered. The only thing others knew about your background was your country, school, and Twitter handle. What mattered was how well you could articulate yourself to your audience, who would go on to share those ideas with their peers. It was how the concepts of “presenter,” “audience” and “peer” were really the same thing. I gave a session in which school directors participated alongside classroom teachers, and then went to workshops as a novice educational iPad user to learn from TAISM’s tech integrator. We all connected online so that we could continue a professional dialogue later. When I go looking for my next job, schools will still look at my teaching certificate and degrees. They’ll read my letters of recommendation and phone my references. But I also know that they will examine my network of peers that sprouts at conferences like this and that flourishes online.

Postscript: If you’re hosting a conference, what matters most is the culture you develop, and Learning2 is definitely creating its own culture. But then there’s the matter of logistics. I’ll leave you with a couple of things that could be optimized for next year:

  • Have a master, hour-by-hour schedule on page on the conference website with links out to the different options for that hour. Consider making the schedule in an online calendar that people can subscribe to.
  • In Africa, consider distance and cost of travel especially carefully. Cities on the same continent can still be as remote from each other as Paris is from Tokyo.
  • Bring in the local telecoms provider to sell SIM cards and write your own instructions on how to activate 3G data plans. This will help your attendees stay connected, and it’s a much cheaper option for them than paying their hotel for WiFi.
  • Provide a persistent storage medium for the conference materials. It will build your brand, and teachers might go back to them months later. I have a Powerpoint from JOSTI ’13 that I haven’t used yet but might next year.

Switching the wrong way for the right reasons

When you think about a computer user “switching,” you probably imagine those old Apple commercials with John Hodgman as a lovably clueless Windows PC, unwittingly selling the audience on the benefits of using a new Mac. To be sure, those benefits are many: best-in-class operating system and software including the iLife suite and now-free iWorks suite with a stable and intuitive user interface. Unparalleled build quality and battery life. Outstanding extended warranty with convenient walk-in service. Seamless syncing within Apple’s walled garden. I recommend Apple products to my parents, the faculty, parents, and students.

I got to a point this year, though, when they just weren’t meeting my needs. I would walk in to a board meeting with my iPad to find that it didn’t let me download and expand the .zip file containing all the agenda items. I’d find a website on the iPad and couldn’t use the Diigo browser extension to save it or Evernote extension to clip it. I’d pack for vacations and discover that I needed two devices and chargers (my iPad and my MacBook Pro) so that I could be both entertained and productive, and hand carrying all of that was uncomfortably heavy. I’d then have to spend time syncing media, password files, and documents so that I could have offline access to them in airports and on the plane. So I started looking for a device that could replace them both.

At the risk of sounding like a shill for Microsoft, it became clear that the Surface Pro was the only device that met my requirements of good battery life, laptop performance, and portability. No iPad would run VMWare’s virtualization products or a robust video editor like Adobe Premiere, and getting a Macbook Air or Pro would require me to have separate tablet. Lenovo’s Thinkpad Helix had poor battery life, while its Yoga 2 Pro could go up to only 4GB of RAM – a common limitation of many ultrabooks and hybrid devices that I found. So after visiting one of Microsoft’s “Specialty Stores” (basically a standalone kiosk) in Seattle’s Pacific Place mall, I pre-ordered my unit – a Core i5 with 256GB SSD and 8GB of RAM – which arrived on launch day, June 20. I was also considering the Surface Pro 2, but I like the larger screen size, 3:2 aspect ratio, thinness, and longer battery life of the Pro 3.

A month and a half later I’m quite happy with the purchase. The build quality is excellent, with a sharp, hi-res screen and sturdy magnesium alloy case. The keyboard is not as solid as a real laptop’s, and the trackpad is not as good as a MacBook’s, but it’s comfortable to type on. The kickstand is stable at any angle from 0 to 150 degrees. I can fold the keyboard back and rest the kickstand on it for lap viewing. And it’s adequate for working on my lap, which was a major complaint of Peter Bright at Arstechnica – not quite as comfortable as a laptop, but the added convenience of being able to hold it like a tablet makes up for it.

And wow, the things I can do with it:

  • Plug in an external hard drive (try that on your iPad)
  • Run full versions of Adobe Premiere Pro and 64-bit Photoshop – with stylus support!
  • Run virtual machines using VMWare Workstation
  • Listen to streaming music using the XBox Music app, which also works on my Android phone with a subscription
  • Take handwritten and typed notes in OneNote, which comes as both a desktop and Modern app.
  • Read books and websites on a real tablet in a better aspect ratio than 16:9 devices like the Google Nexus 7. The 3:2 ratio is, as Microsoft says, closer in proportions to a real sheet of paper.
  • Enjoy a full browser experience with real extensions

That’s not to say that it’s been a smooth road all the way. I’m a lot more fluent in the MacOS and Unix command line than I am with Windows, so there was a learning curve. Windows 8 still isn’t as intuitive for me. Here’s what vexed me the most:

  • The trackpad is not great. It’s fine for casual use, but for Photoshop you’ll want to use a mouse or the stylus.
  • Switching from Evernote to OneNote without a robust transfer tool. There are two helper programs but they seemed finnicky. I ended up just keeping most of my data in Evernote and copy/pasting my important to-do lists over. I was very happy with Evernote while I used it but was intrigued by OneNote’s integration with Windows, Office and the Surface Pro’s stylus.
  • Google Chrome’s stable build lacks hi-dpi and Modern app support. The main installer didn’t work at all in Hi DPI mode and Modern mode, so I had to install the dev build. It seems pretty stable, although touch support isn’t as good as in IE (never thought that I would say IE was better than anything else at doing anything!).
  • Google isn’t making native Gmail or Calendar apps for Windows 8, and Microsoft’s built-in Calendar app doesn’t support the CalDAV standard. I ended up using the Offline Gmail and Calendar apps in Google Chrome and making shortcuts to these on the Start screen.
  • Windows 8 still just doesn’t have apps that I enjoy on my iPad and Android phone like Flickr and Spotify.
  • The Amazon Kindle app doesn’t let me read personal documents or newspaper subscriptions – only books. This means that I can’t read Le Monde in the mornings or the independently-purchased Cosmic SciFi Storybundle. Major bummer, since reading things in tablet mode was one of the reasons I bought this, although I expect that Amazon will update the feature set of their Windows App…some time.
  • Not all Windows apps are hi-dpi aware, which means in desktop mode a lot of menu text, buttons, etc. will be very small. This wasn’t an issue for me since I’ll hook it up to an external monitor, mouse and keyboard for heavy-duty productivity.
  • OneDrive is very particular about invalid characters and paths that are too long. I had to do a fair bit of pruning before all of my data would sync.

Should you buy the Surface Pro 3? I like it, but I can’t imagine my parents learning to use it and my girlfriend upon observing me use the stylus to crop an image in Photoshop remarked that it wasn’t as smooth as she would have liked. For 90% of users, using a traditional laptop will probably be more straightforward, even if they then have to carry around another tablet. But a lot of my complaints above have to do with the relative novelty of the Windows 8.1 interface paradigm and hi-dpi displays, which means they will disappear over time. In the meantime, if you’re a very mobile worker like me who wants one device that can do a lot of things – and you’re willing to deal with the learning curve to use one – then the Surface Pro 3 is a device that should be at the top of your list.

Rethinking learning spaces

Our new design facilitates collaboration and differentiation.
We recently redesigned the computer labs at AISB to make them “learning spaces” instead of “computing spaces.” You can read the results after the break, but here’s the summary. If you’re still relying on labs to provide computing access for your school, apply the following principles to your next redesign:

  • Instead of rows or U shapes, make hubs of 3-4 computers to facilitate collaboration. Leave empty spaces where students with their own devices can work. Orient the hubs so they all have a view of the projector screen.
  • Include groups of desks or tables to give classes flexibility in where and how they work.
  • Use small whiteboards or flip chart paper to facilitate brainstorming and planning.
  • Use carpets and pillow or sofas to create a small meeting space around your projector.
  • Make sure some power strips are available for students to charge their own devices.
  • If you’re on Google Apps, use Calendar resources to let teachers schedule the space from their own classroom rather than having to use a paper signup chart. Being able to reserve from class or from home facilitates their planning process, since they’re having to design around a shared resource – the easier it is, the more they’ll use it.

Continue reading Rethinking learning spaces

Amateur hour: making a school promotional video

In a previous post, I discussed how the school is continuing to reach out to potential students and parents and how one of those efforts was the production of a school promo video.

Now sure, you could hire a production company to do this, but that expertise isn’t readily available in Bamako, and where’s the fun in just throwing money at the problem? So, me being the tech coordinator, I volunteered to do it. Here’s the process I used.

  1. Educate yourself.

    If you use devices in your classroom for video projects, you might think it’s as simple as “pick up device and press record.” This is not the way to make anything even remotely professional. You’ll need to learn a little bit about film production and editing. I recommend reading About.com’s Classic Rules of Video Editing, the excellent Arstechnica howto Cheap Shots, and MediaCollege.com’s Shot Types page to get you started.

  2. Figure out your approach.

    You might be tempted to make a narrated video based around your school mission statement and if that’s the case then you should script and storyboard. We wanted the video to reflect our students voices so we decided to interview them off of a list of prepared questions and then organize the best quotes into themes. This required more time on the editing end, but also produced an organic feel. Location was a challenge – we scouted to find a decent backdrop that would have acceptable lighting in the harsh afternoon glare since we filmed between 1:30 and 2:45pm.

  3. Use decent equipment.

    This kit from B&H gets you halfway there. Add headphones for monitoring and an Olympus E-PL3 and you’ve got a pretty solid filming rig for under $1000. We borrowed most of our equipment, so our budget was $0.
    We used two DSLR cameras for the interviews themselves. Two students were gracious enough to lend their personal units and their time to help us. The two-camera setup helped us switch angles during interviews to hide cuts. We used a third Olympus PEN series camera for the B-roll, although it would have been sufficient for the interviews as well. A shotgun mic was absolutely necessary to get good audio – don’t even bother using built-in mics on cameras. I borrowed one from our music teacher’s personal collection, but this kit from B&H includes everything you’ll need except a pair of headphones to monitor the audio. Use reflectors (ours were white posterboard) wherever you’re shooting, and turn off ACs and fans – you’ll notice that the audio. Also be aware of ambient temperature and battery status. A few times our DSLRs overheated outdoors, which is why we shot some interviews inside, and other times the batteries ran out. Finally, make sure you have ample drive space. I’d recommend two 1TB drives, one to hold the footage and one for backup.
  4. Schedule and conduct interviews.

    I worked with classroom teachers to make a list of students who we thought would be well-spoken on camera and pulled them out of class to film them. The journalism class crewed the shoots: one student on each camera, one to do interviews, and one to manage reflectors. Each interview lasted a few minutes, but we probably used no more than 1 minute of footage from any single student and we completely junked some others that didn’t speak to a compelling theme.

  5. Edit.

    During each interview I made mental notes of notable themes and examples, and directly after each shoot I pulled the relevant segments out of the footage and put them into the timeline of the story. As we did more an more interviews a few clear themes developed, which you can see emblazoned on the back transition slides between segments in the final video. Use prosumer or professional video software for this – I used Final Cut Pro. It took the multicam footage and combined it into a single clip, using the audio to sync them up. Saved me a ton of work.

  6. Transcribe.

    I enlisted a student working for community service to transcribe the final interview segments into English and then translate them into French since we wanted to reach a francophone audience.
    Above: the Google Doc we used to transcribe, translate, and annotate the interviews.
    He did these in groups of 1-2 sentences, since that’s all that will fit on the screen at a time as a subtitle. Then he found the timecodes for each group so that we could make .srt files, which we uploaded to the YouTube video and embedded into the downloadable .m4v/.mp4 files by reencoding with Handbrake. Finally, we added a column to denote what kind of b-roll we’d need to shoot.

  7. Shoot b-roll and add over main storyline.

    If you can’t afford a DSLR, try the Olympus PEN series. They can be had for $250 or less on Amazon.
    Ideally you would have the journalism class doing this throughout the year and would communicate teachers so you catch them when they’re doing their most engaging lessons, but I was on a tight schedule and ended up doing everything within the space of a few weeks. I had to mix in some still images which worked alright, but video still looks better. The Olympus PEN cameras (E-PL1 and E-PL3) that I used were great for the price – they can be had for $250 or less on Amazon.
  8. Distribute.

    We uploaded ours to YouTube so that we could embed it on our main page. Since it’s aimed at prospective families, we also included a link under the Admissions menu. On the YouTube page we also include links to downloads in three sizes hosted on a remote server, since the internet in Mali is often too slow to load YouTube videos in real time and we didn’t want to host it on our school’s limited connection.

Finally, archive your footage. We don’t have enough space anyway to keep the ~250GB of footage I ended up having, but that didn’t stop me from being frustrated when, the day after I uploaded the final video, I dropped the drive with my raw footage and lost almost everything.

Happy filming!

Promoting school enrollment through marketing

The mission of schools should be to make productive citizens, not money. When the two are in conflict, the former should take precedence. At the same time, insolvent schools don’t produce anything except jobless teachers, so schools need to have a clear strategic vision to attract and retain students.

Our hallways are emptier now that we’re at 75% of our former enrollment. Photo by WQY.
AISB needs to reach its former, pre-coup enrollment but faces many difficulties in doing so for reasons beyond its control. As one of two American schools in Bamako and the one with the closest ties to the embassy communities it is the default choice for anglophone expatriates, but that community is small because of recent and renewed political challenges. Bamako is a family posting for the US embassy, but that status was conferred after a whole crop of staffers without dependents was hired. It’s still considered a high-risk post by commonwealth countries, so we don’t have the Canadian students who used to comprise a sizeable chunk of our student body. We have thus cornered the market for the usual demographic of international students, and can’t do anything to attract more to come to Bamako.

That leaves us targeting the francophone expatriate and upper-class Malian communities who send their children to the French-system schools (lycees). The goal for these communities is likely to send their children to university in France, and an American education is not an asset for that, but the Bac offered through a lycee is. Switching the school to the IB curriculum would help there, but isn’t financially feasible at the moment. The lycees are also much cheaper than our school – the most expensive one is just half of our tuition, and this is a pattern seen in other francophone West African cities like Abidjan.

At the same time, we do offer a distinctly rewarding educational experience. This past year we’ve had three students come to us from the lycees and both they and their parents are extremely happy with the decision. They like the collaboration, creativity, and individual care of AISB’s learning environment. So how do we spread the word?

Part of our communication plan was to create a promo video for the school to showcase why it’s unique in Bamako. Since one of the audiences was the francophone community, it’s been subtitled in French – see the CC box in the bottom-right once the video starts playing.

More info about that process to come in the next blog post.

The other piece is a grassroots (for a lack of a better word) campaign to promote the school. We’ve outsourced design of business cards to a student in my tech modules class with the idea that our faculty and certain parents can use them to introduce themselves to families we meet at social functions and public events and give them a personal invitation to tour the school. The cards will highlight what we think makes AISB a uniquely valuable educational experience.

But aside from that, we don’t have a well-oiled PR machine. Buying billboards, print, and media advertisements would be one route, but I’m not convinced that they would reach our target audience because expatriates and upper class Malians probably follow international outlets. Buying Google AdWords targeting French expatriates moving here might make a difference. We need a Strategic Committee sponsored by a board member that works with the PTO to find the best way to reach the francophone community. Expatriates who are moving to a new – whether francophone or not – tend to seek out schools more than schools need to be actively reaching out to them. We need to make it as easy as possible for those prospective parents to find us. And for upper class Malians, we need to find a way to reach them on their terms and then provide a compelling reason to try a new avenue of education for their children.

What I haven’t covered here is how programming can differentiate a school. Our academics are already great. Building a pool might be a loss-leader that appears to be an unprofitable investment but tips the scales in favor of sending a child here. More opportunities to participate in WAISAL and other athletic/activities exchanges in the region would also help, as would continuing to strengthen after school activities and going to a 1:1 program. But that’s a whole other topic.

Takeaways from NWEA MAP Training

My partner and I attended two NWEA MAP Foundation workshops over the weekend. This was our first year at a MAP partner school, and at the beginning the amount of data seemed overwhelming. Two testing seasons later we felt we had a better handle on it and were ready to learn more, which is why we jumped at the opportunity to attend the session – especially since the registration costs were covered by the State Department. We joined about twenty other teachers from Niamey, Freetown, Monrovia, and Abuja at the International Community School of Abidjan where presenter Terri Howard led us through the Stepping Stones to Using Data and Climbing the Data Ladder.

Here were our takeaways:

  • How do you know when to differentiate? Double-digit figures in your class’ standard deviation (in the Teacher by RIT report) means you should differentiate your class. The Class by RIT report also gives useful data, especially when you click on the subject row headings (i.e. Math) to show the goal strands within, where students will be grouped according to RIT band. Aim for 2-4 groupings.
  • Is the test a reflection of where they are? Standard Error (also in the Teacher by RIT) report indicates the reliability of your test; a 3 is normal and the lower, the better. If you have students scoring 4.8 or above you should strongly consider retesting, as this indicates they did things like quickly guessing through their questions.
  • How do you get students on board? In addition to the usual goal-setting, schedule student-led conferences after the testing season (this can coincide with your normal parent-teacher conferences) where students can explain their results. This motivates them to try their best – no one likes to explain showing less-than-expected or negative growth. Having a visual reminder, such as a sticky note with their target score, also helps keep them focused according to NWEA researchers.
  • How do you get parents on board? Education is the key here. Hold a parent workshop – at AISB we plan to do one just prior to the start of the testing season – where you explain RIT, growth, and especially DesCartes. Emphasizing DesCartes and avoiding discussion of percentiles helps keep parents focused on how MAP tests measure what students are ready to learn, not mastery. Use sample data at this session, as using their kids’ real data will distract them from learning about how to interpret the results.
  • How do you distribute results to teachers? You can tweak your CRF to create non-existent classes, like one for all ESL students across grades, or one for all HS students, or one combining two small grade levels to see what they’d look like as a combined class (a common situation in small West African schools). In the Spring, you might give access to one grade’s data to their teachers for the following school year so that those teachers can begin to differentiate from the very start. Finally, you can submit Data Repair Requests with updated CRFs if you want to fix anything after the testing season.

On an unrelated note, regional trainings like this are always nice because they bring together a group of schools in a similar situation, and this is especially true in West Africa. The Ed Tech community always talks about creating a global personal learning network (PLN), but it was only by going to a face-to-face training that I could meet other educators who knew what it was like to teach in a school without internet, or one that had been shut down because of a coup, or one that had graduating classes of just half a dozen teachers. People outside of the region just don’t have the experience in the unique set of challenges we work with every day. And I’d argue that face-to-face conversation has a depth and flow that electronic communication misses. One superintendent has decided to eschew email completely:

So we left the conference having had good, old-fashioned conversations and notes, not Hangouts and hashtags, but still ready to use data to inform our instruction.

Qualifying SAMR

We live in an age that loves to upgrade. Our smartphones get thinner bodies, bigger screens, and more features. Our meals get new packaging, more taste, bigger portions. And our schools get new buzzwords, new standards, and new technology. As tech coordinator, part of my job is to facilitate the learning process by ensuring that teachers and students have access to computing resources and the knowledge to use them. Many of us coordinators evaluate tech integration according to the SAMR model:

Courtesy of Digital Learning Team

When we’re inspecting how technology changes teaching, it’s more useful to discuss the way the learning process and product change, not how much they change. Photo Credit: paurian via Compfight cc
It’s not useful to evaluate technology solely by SAMR, though. Treating it as a hierarchy, with “Redefinition” being the goal, is the same as saying that “change is good.” But few would argue that New Coke’s taste “change” was good, or that a “change” in US election districts to make it easier for an incumbent party to stay in power is productive, or that the “change” in a virus so that it mutates into a more easily transmissible strain is a good thing. So why should we treat “redefinition” as the top level of a hierarchy of tech integration? If it isn’t broke, should we be trying to fix it?

We need a qualifier that helps us to evaluate the substitution, augementation, modification, or redefinition that is happening – something that tells us what is broken and how to fix it. We’re making a conscious choice to integrate technology, and schools hire people specifically to help teachers do this, because… why? Because of broad ideas like “21st century learning” and because students are “digital natives” and because “we need to prepare them for an [unspecified, but different] future?”

The necessary qualifier, for me, is authenticity – one of the cornerstones of Understanding by Design. Does technology help you make students’ learning more authentic – are they practicing skills and habits, and creating products, that approximate things they’d do in the real world as productive citizens and employees? It’s easier to go into a teacher’s classroom and introduce them to new and, for many teachers, difficult technology concepts when explained like this. Your students should make videos not because it’s “fun” and “different” but because visual literacy is an important way that we communicate in the modern world. They should make an ebook because self-publishing is how lots of authors, like Hugh Howey, are finding success these days. They should make use of tools like Glogster and Prezi and Xmind because presenting ideas to a group should look as professional as possible and because professionalism is effective – if you expect it in the workplace, why shouldn’t you expect it at school? Our director rejects resumes because they look shoddy and cast doubt upon potential teachers’ competency as a whole.

Sometimes I feel that my position as “IT Coordinator” actually undermines my ability to help teachers. The title carries along with it an implication that I’m getting teachers to use technology for it’s own sake, which is hardly the case. My counterpart at the International School of Ouagadougou is the Curriculum Coordinator/Tech Integrator, and was formerly a Learning Community Director in Belgrade. Someone responsible not for technology but for learning. We say that technology is not something that should be taught separately – so why should those of us who support classroom teachers be referred to as people doing something distinct from learning support? And when the next generation of teachers enters the workforce already fluent in technology, why will “technology integrators” even be necessary?

Maybe redefinition is what is needed in my career.

Howto: Make a Decent Door Decoration in About Six Steps

I always wondered how elementary teachers manage to make their classrooms so warm and inviting. This year, I finally learned how: through soul-crushing hours spent with glue-smeared hands covered by stray bits of construction paper. But that’s how they manage to make door decorations like this one by our Grade 4/5 teacher Jeff Fessler:

Seriously? Wow.
Seriously? Wow.

So what’s his secret, I asked, besides being stunningly creative with impeccable attention to detail and demandingly high standards?

Tracing.

Yes, it turns out that you use your projector for the images, then trace it and cut it out. With my curiosity piqued, I set out on my own journey to create a door decoration for Literacy Week. Here are the steps I took:

  1. Found a quote
  2. Found a stencil to go along with it, after an abortive attempt to make my own using Pixelmator
  3. Papered over my door with the background color (black) and the foreground (white)
  4. Projected the image, traced it, and then painstakingly cut out the design
  5. Cut out the letters from another tracing and pasted them on rather than cutting them out of the foreground
  6. Glue the loosed bits on

The end result looks like this (source file  above, product below):

My source file. Getting a pre-made stencil saved me a lot of time since I’m not great at graphics editing, but it’s possible to make your own from a photograph.
20140213_092401
My adaptation.

 On closer inspection, you can see how it’s literally rough around the edges. Trying to cut holes out of the foreground and then gluing the edges while it’s draped over a background is a messy business, and the letters were glued on not quite straight.

Glue shows through the foreground paper - glue sticks don't, though.
Glue shows through the foreground paper – glue sticks don’t, though.
Oops, letters curling off.
Oops, letters curling off.
It's tough to get a large foreground over small background details.
It’s tough to get a large foreground over small background details.

So here’s the right way to do it:

Required materials: an xacto knife, pair of scissors, and glue stick for each person. Once you get to the part where you’re cutting out letters, up to 8 people can work productively, but only four can really be tracing or glueing elements on at a time.

  1. Find a stencil online (google “printable stencils” or check here, here or here) – or make your own by googling a tutorial that uses your favorite graphics editing program (I prefer Pixelmator). Pumpkin cutouts are the same thing as stencils. Make sure the details aren’t too fine – they will be difficult to cut out.
  2. Add whatever text you desire and project the stencil onto your door. Crop is so that it matches the actual physical dimensions. I tried measuring the door and then using those dimensions to crop my digital stencil, but it didn’t work for whatever reason.
  3. Flip your stencil 180 degrees horizontally. You’re going to be tracing it, and by reversing it you ensure that the pencil lines will be on the back side of the cutouts and won’t show when you’re done.
  4. Tape your background color paper to the door securely. Then, loosely tape your foreground color to the door and trace the outline of the stencil. I DON’T recommend tracing the letters at this point – you’ll get better results if you project and trace them separately, with plenty of space between each letter, and then paste them on after you’re done with the rest of the image.
  5. Take down the foreground paper, cut out the parts and glue them to the background paper. Keeping your projection up will help with the placement.
  6. Draw guidelines so that the letters go on straight (an obvious failing of my effort), glue on the letters, and then erase the lines.

Happy decorating!

Mitigating Bandwidth Problems on a Budget

Some schools have it good. I toured ASDubai last year and saw their server room, where they aggregated 10 x 100Mbps internet lines to provide wicked fast service for their campus. I’ve heard that ASBombay has phenomenal internet.

The American International School of Bamako – located in the capital of one of the poorest countries in the world – is not quite there. We’ve got 2.5Mbps of bandwidth. But that doesn’t mean I’m not trying to create an environment where teachers can effortlessly integrate technology into learning.

Spoiler alert: we chose pfSense to provide firewall services, WAN aggregation, bandwidth throttling, and captive portal. The price? Gratis.

Since August, I’ve wanted to open up access to our network as much as possible to encourage students to bring their own devices. Our school is still using dedicated computer labs to give students access to technology. While we have a favorable ratio of computers to students, it’s still too hard for teachers to integrate technology into their practice when it’s a pull-out activity that requires transition time to and from the labs. The layout of the labs isn’t conducive to collaborative learning, either. The whole setup implies that technology is something that happens apart from everyday learning, not embedded in it.

At the same time, I faced very real constraints in the level of service I wanted to offer. Our school has 2.5Mbits of available bandwidth that we pay dearly for, and it’s very easy for just two small classes to consume that when doing web searches or any Web 2.0 activity; Google Drive is unusable. So I had to be creative in how I managed our limited resources.

I wanted to:

  • Manage access to the network. I wanted each student to be able to access the network, but not to abuse it by connecting two or more devices. I was concerned that the automatic updates and push notifications of smartphones and tablets would slow down everyone. At the same time, I wanted to prioritize internet access for the finance and front offices and teachers over that for students.
  • Manage bandwidth and enforce fair use policies. I wanted to prioritize Skype traffic (used by our director for interviews) over web browsing, which in turn should receive priority over p2p. I also wanted to make sure that one user couldn’t hog all the bandwidth with large downloads.
  • Improve reliability and speed. With such limited bandwidth I wanted a robust caching solution. We had a bandwidth manager called NetEqualizer that very cleverly penalized the heaviest network users, but it sat between the squid proxy and the network, which meant that even cached downloads were throttled. Reversing the situation would remove the ability to enforce fair use policies, since all web traffic would look like it was coming from the proxy server. Furthermore, I needed to aggregate our two internet connections (a 2Mbit dedicated line and 512Kbps line) and load balance and ensure failover between them.
  • Minimize manual labor for the IT department. The Wifi system in place required us to manually register the MAC addresses of students and parents who wanted to get on the network. Even with a small user base it was cumbersome to register fill out paperwork, record the MAC, and register it with our firewall, and it was a process that wouldn’t scale well.

We looked at three solutions we felt were affordable:

  • IPCop (free)
  • Untangle (~$1500 annually for our user base)
  • pfSense (free)

We decided to implement pfSense since it met nearly all of our requirements. It was also free, compared to a lot of commercial appliances like NetEqualizer, Bluecoat, iBoss, and CyberRoam that run from $5000 to tens of thousands of dollars. Our new setup lets us:

  • Balance traffic between our two connections
  • Prioritize/block internet traffic the way we want, and block inappropriate sites. p2p is severely limited, and I could block it if I wanted
  • Guarantee Skype QoS so that the director can do Skype interviews even at peak hours
  • Throttle web traffic on a per-user basis to ensure fair use in a way that lets casual/research-based web browsing function normally while penalizing heavy downloaders

By December, it will also create an authenticated campus-wide Wifi network that lets students log on with their OpenDirectory credentials (limiting them to one device per person) and lets parents log in using a voucher system – even though our WiFi is basically a consumer-grade network with individually managed access points (although I’m working on fixing that, too).

More detail – almost step-by-step – after the break.

Continue reading Mitigating Bandwidth Problems on a Budget

Learning 2.0 in a Web 1.0 World (or, the “One More Thing” Problem)

I’ve worked at AISB since August. As IT Coordinator my responsibility is to manage all things technical – from making sure that the lab computers have the right software installed to helping teachers create a blended learning classroom to managing the school’s online presence. I’ve definitely done more of the former than the latter. I’ve followed these principles:

  • Before you help teachers use technology, you need to ensure an acceptable level of access.
  • An acceptable level of access means “does not disrupt the normal flow of class.” If it requires more effort than it takes to grab a length of butcher paper from the supply room, then most teachers aren’t going to bother with it because they are educators, not computer mechanics. I’ve found that even having to go to a lab is enough of a disruptive that it makes technology use an exception or disruption, not an integration.
  • The important thing about technology integration is not how impressive it is – it’s how intuitive and seamless it is. Technology should be used because it makes the class a more enriching and efficient learning environment, not because it’s what everyone else is doing or because it lets you do something new. You can be an amazing teacher without using technology, so getting teachers to integrate technology requires that it be obviously – though not necessarily immediately – superior to what they’re doing currently.

Following these principles to create a Learning 2.0 environment has been tough, though, because my international school – and quite a few others in Africa and around the world – are stuck in a Web 1.0 world.

Remember these? My school actually still has some being used as library catalog terminals. Image courtesy Wikipedia.

Stopping teachers from giving up

A lot of schools get left behind in the “bleeding edge” discussions about technology integration because they don’t have the resources to leverage the latest tools. Last year I participated in the fantastic COETAIL program and attended a Google Apps summit. I learned about all the cool things you can do when your students have access to a fast internet connection and personal internet-connected device. The problem was that at my last school a significant part of any assignment involving connectivism entailed a great deal of problem solving on my part to give my students access to the tools they needed (though once they had the access, the learning was great). It was the dreaded “one more thing” problem – that using technology added more work to teaching. Here at AISB, I face that problem even more, since our internet connection is glacial, our computers are aging, and our budget is too limited to fix it all.

The danger is that teachers will give up in frustration. I work with an amazing elementary teacher who does e-portfolios with his students on Blogger, makes mind maps using Xmind, has his kids create PSAs using his iPad, and dreams up other deeply enriching activities that embody the collaboratively creative spirit behind technology integration. For the first two months I received regular emails from him complaining about how the internet was too slow to upload his photos or to load the Blogger interface and questioning whether he should continue to integrate technology at all. And it was a fair question, especially when teachers have so many responsibilities competing for their time.

My efforts since August have thus centered around making AISB’s computing resources as reliable, accessible and intuitive as possible on a shoestring budget. The results:

  • Leveraged NetRestore to roll out an imaging workflow for our two computers labs, making it easy for us to roll out more current software packages
  • Deployed Papercut to manage our printing environment, giving us the ability to make printing more accessible for students since we can charge them for B&W and color print jobs
  • Repurposed old PCs into Linux Mint-based Rosetta Stone ESOL workstations.
  • Consolidated our old faculty resource sites into a single portal based out of our SIS, to make it easier for teachers to access curriculum and administrative documents
  • Virtualized our print server, router, and bandwidth management solutions using VMWare ESXi and a disused XServe, thereby making most efficient use of our resources
  • Set up pfSense as a router, web cache, captive portal and traffic shaper, allowing us to let each student have a device on our Wifi network while managing access and enforcing fair use policies
  • Clarified customer service expectations for the IT department (including myself) to make us as responsive as possible
  • Streamlined our progress report workflow to deliver the most essential information while greatly reducing the amount of time, paper, and manual labor required to generate them
  • Set up a scanning workstation in one of the labs
  • Managed the entire MAP testing process
  • Taught three secondary school preps and supervised three other elementary classes while doing all of the above

Communicate your way around problems

Along with working on the school’s infrastructure I realized that good communication and education is just as important as having great resources. For example, I sent out this email to teachers explaining why the internet was so slow. It didn’t fix anything, but it explained a problem that most teachers found baffling and unpredictable. I received numerous appreciative replies. But it was about more than managing expectations, because I want my teachers to set their sights high. Rather, it was about finding ways around problems and making sure teachers could be self sufficient in those solutions. I pointed out a couple of ways that teachers can download YouTube videos, and I’ve since seen a marked rise in their use – rather than letting teachers be deterred by the low bandwidth, I found a way for them to do just what they wanted. I also steered teachers away from from using Gmail’s web interface and got them using Mail.app so that they could read and compose emails even if our line was congested.

Come back down to earth

With a slow pipe, moving services into the cloud is not a good option for us. Sites like Glogster and Prezi are just too slow. Aggressive web caching with squid has helped, but I’ve realized that investing in desktop software and locally hosted services is the way to go. I’ve set up a Friendica instance on site so that teachers can do fake Facebook projects complete with wall posting and comments. I’ve done trials with ToonBook and Comic Life since they run locally. And I’ve looked into making our locally hosted instance of Moodle more robust in its content hosting abilities by experimenting with owncloud. But the nice thing about services like Glogster is that they obviate the need to teach design and how to use a complex program. You could make a digital poster using Indesign or even Pages, but you’d spend a lot of time teaching the program, leaving less for content, creation, or collaboration.

Now that I’ve worked on the issue of access to technology, I can spend the rest of the year helping teachers to use it. And I’m hoping that I can share my experiences at the upcoming Learning2 in Addis conference with other schools trying to do Learning 2.0 in a Web 1.0 world.